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Museums under pressure: Political influence across Europe


Polarisation is growing across Europe, and museums are feeling the effects. Despite traditionally being seen as neutral spaces for cultural preservation and education, they are increasingly becoming arenas of political contention, facing pressures from various political groups seeking to shape narratives around history, identity, and values.

Today we share the NEMO Barometer on political influence in museums in Europe to provide a snapshot of these challenges, confirming that political influence is affecting the sector. It highlights how societal polarisation is placing intense and often uncontrollable pressure on museum operations, threatening their independence and reputation as impartial institutions.

Highlights from the barometer


The Barometer reveals that over 70% of respondents feel that polarisation is rising in their countries. It also shows that a majority of museums, national museum organisations, and other institutions report that museums are subject to political pressure.

Four main themes of political influence emerged when analysing the responses feeding into the Barometer:

  1. Funding and budgetary constraints
    • Dependence on government funding
    • Impact of budget cuts
  2. Influence on public actions
    • Programmes and exhibitions: terminating exhibitions, themes being featured or cancelled
  3. Political interference in governance
    • Political appointments of directors and board members
    • Pressure to align with political agendas
  4. Pressure from interest groups and public opinion influence
    • Censorship, self-censorship, and public statements

From data to action


Insights from the Barometer informed discussions at NEMO’s European Museum Conference ‘Can we talk? Museums facing polarisation’ in November 2024. Following the conference, the NEMO Executive Board issued a statement addressing the increasing challenges museums face due to political interference and societal polarisation. The statement reaffirms NEMO's commitment to uphold and support the integrity, independence, and resilience of museums across Europe.

The results presented in the barometer are based on answers to a questionnaire NEMO ran in summer 2024. 153 responses from 31 countries were collected. The Barometer summarises prevailing trends in the European museum landscape as an overview while preserving the anonymity of respondents.

A scientific article about the results of this barometer providing a deeper analysis and interpretation of the data will be published later in 2025. 

Berlin, 20 November 2024

This year’s NEMO, the Network of European Museum Organisations, European Museum Conference ‘Can we talk? Museums facing polarisation’ brought up for discussion the ever-increasing trend of polarisation across European societies and its impact on the museum sector. The conference highlighted the difficult position museums currently hold, which oftentimes results in unwarranted pressure on their operations. The conference discussions complement the findings of a survey carried out by NEMO in August 2024 underscoring the fact that political pressure, both direct and indirect, sometimes leads museums to apply self-censorship in their programming and communication particularly in the case of sensitive topics. 

At this year’s conference the European museum community debated how museums are reacting to such circumstances and in what ways they are striving to navigate today’s increasingly polarised world while upholding values that contribute to just and more cohesive societies.

NEMO is concerned that the complex and ever-evolving trends of societal polarisation and mistrust in our current frameworks may lead to a critical erosion of European museums’ standing as trusted institutions, undermining their ability to act impartially and operate independently. Museums have a unique obligation to their communities and to society at large to present fact-based, authentic, and independent information. NEMO is committed to upholding these principles in its work with museums and museum organisations in Europe. 

As a network representing over 30,000 museums, NEMO will continue to serve as a reference point for museums navigating challenging circumstances by providing the space for exchange and the support in defense of the values and principles that make museums society’s trusted institutions. NEMO shall continue to work with the European museum community to consolidate its role in fostering environments of open exchange, framed by the values of democracy and truthfulness.

NEMO remains firmly committed to stand for, with, and by its members in cultivating possible futures that are desirable and shared by many and navigating complex and challenging discussions without absolutes. It shall continue to foster open exchange that respects each museums’ autonomy and unique role in society.

The NEMO Executive Board 

Petra Havu - Finnish Museums Association

Vera Carasso - Dutch Museums Association

Paulina Florjanowicz - National Institute for Museums, Poland

Sandro Debono - University of Malta

Zane Grīnvalde - Latvian Museums Association

Sergio Servellón - ICOM Belgium Flanders

Sylvia Willkomm - German Museums Association

Apply for a NEMO Trial Membership


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On another note, we are accepting applications to the NEMO Trial Membership programme.10 museums or museum-oriented organisations will be selected to participate in the 2025 edition. Successful organisations will receive one year of free membership and enjoy all the benefits that come with NEMO membership.

New this year: 5 of the available trial memberships are specifically reserved for organisations based in Ukraine.

Application deadline: 9 February 2025

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